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玩火实验

  • 22 12 月, 2025
  • 教育感悟

想法:

蜡烛、玻璃罩子 空气中的氧气

憋气实验 塑料袋 外太空氧气罐

烧柴炉子 可燃不可燃

易拉罐火灯 风氧气

燃烧条件 物质和氧气

风的作用 带走热量 带来氧气

灭火方法

5节课程详细脚本(含逐句话术+可打印词卡)
面向:会说英语的5岁儿童;主题基于《想法.txt》(氧气与火、无空气、可燃/不可燃、风的作用、灭火方法)。时长:每节25–30分钟。家长全程操作明火,孩子主要观察、描述、预测。

通用安全与流程

  • 安全:备水盆/喷壶、湿毛巾、金属托盘;远离易燃物;通风但避强风;仅家长点火。
  • 流程口诀:Predict → Do → Tell(先预测,再操作,再描述)。
  • 观察提示:I see… / It gets… / It changes… / I feel…
  • 赞美:Great observing! Nice try! I like your prediction!

可打印词卡与句型(A4排版,按“—-”裁剪)

  • 字体≥24pt;每张卡:正面单词,背面例句/小图标。
  • 可直接复制打印:

裁剪线:————————————————————
通用句型
Predict → Do → Tell
“What do you think will happen?”

“I see… / It goes out / It gets stronger.”

安全口令
“We use gentle hands.”
“Only parents light the candle.”

“Ask before pouring or blowing.”

火三角(Fire Triangle)
fuel — “Fire needs fuel.”
air — “Fire needs air.”

heat — “Heat starts fire.”

灭火三法
cover — “Cover to block air.”
water / cool — “Water makes it cool.”
move away — “Move fuel away.”

safe — “Stay safe. Stop the fire.”

分主题词卡(打印后裁剪)
【氧气与火】air / oxygen — “Fire needs air.” | cover — “Cover the flame.” | flame — “Small flame / big flame.” | out — “It goes out.”
【呼吸与太空】air / breathe — “I breathe air.” | space — “Space has no air.” | tank — “I need an air tank.” | helmet — “I wear a helmet.” | in / out — “Breathe in… breathe out…”
【可燃/不可燃】burn — “Paper can burn.” | not burn — “Metal does not burn.” | fuel — “Fire needs fuel.” | heat — “Heat starts fire.” | air — “Fire needs air.”
【风的作用】wind — “Wind brings more air.” | blow — “Blow gently / strongly.” | stronger — “Small wind, stronger flame.” | out — “Big wind blows it out.” | cool — “Wind takes heat.”
【灭火方法】cover — “Cover to block air.” | water / cool — “Water cools it.” | move away — “Move fuel away.” | safe — “Stay safe.”

课堂统一开场/收束话术(打印小条)

  • 开场:“What are we exploring today?” “Safety check: gentle hands.”
  • 观察: “I notice… It changes… It gets smaller/bigger.”
  • 预测: “I think it will _ because _.”
  • 收束: “Today I saw . When I , it __.”

第1节:氧气与火(蜡烛+玻璃罩)
目标:火需要空气/氧气;罩住后火变弱至熄灭。
材料:茶蜡、打火机/火柴(家长)、透明玻璃杯/罩、金属托盘、水盆。
词卡:air/oxygen, cover, flame, out。
逐句脚本(示例,可按分钟)

  • 0:00 安全:“We use gentle hands. Only parents light the candle.”
  • 2:00 导入:出示蜡烛。“What do you see?” 孩子:“I see a candle / flame.”
  • 4:00 预测:家长问:“What if we cover it? Will it stay or go out?” 引导孩子:“I think it will _ because _.”
  • 6:00 点燃(家长): “I see a bright flame.”
  • 7:00 覆盖:缓慢罩上玻璃杯。“Is it getting smaller?” “Is there smoke?”
  • 8:30 结果:孩子说:“When I cover it, it goes out.” 家长补:“Fire needs air/oxygen.”
  • 10:00 解释简化: “We blocked the air. No air, the fire goes out.”
  • 12:00 延伸(可选水位上升):在水盆中覆盖,看水位微升。“Air takes space.”
  • 15:00 词卡复读:air / cover / flame / out。
  • 18:00 画图记录:画蜡烛+罩,家长写词:air, cover, out。
  • 22:00 迷你报告:孩子说:“Fire needs air. When I cover, it goes out.”

第2节:没有空气会怎样(憋气小游戏 + 太空氧气罐角色扮演)
目标:人需要空气;太空无空气需带氧气罐。
材料:玩具头盔或纸箱(做头盔)、小背包当“tank”、计时器、纸笔。
词卡:air/breathe, space, tank, helmet, in/out。
逐句脚本

  • 0:00 安全:憋气只1–2秒,立刻放松。“If you feel bad, stop.”
  • 2:00 导入呼吸:手摸胸口,“Breathe in… breathe out… What do we breathe?” → “Air.”
  • 4:00 轻憋气:闭嘴捂鼻1–2秒,放开。“How do you feel?” → “I need air.”
  • 6:00 太空介绍:“Space has no air. Astronauts carry an air tank.”
  • 8:00 角色扮演:戴头盔,背“tank”。句型:“I need my air tank.” “In space I breathe from the tank.”
  • 11:00 节奏呼吸配手势:In… out… “Air goes in, air goes out.”
  • 13:00 画图:画宇航员+背罐,写词:space, tank, air。
  • 16:00 迷你报告: “Today I learned space has no air. I need a tank to breathe.”
  • 20:00 词卡复读:air, breathe, space, tank, helmet, in/out。

第3节:什么能烧?(可燃/不可燃 + 火三角)
目标:燃烧=可燃物+空气+热;区分可燃与不可燃。
材料:小纸片、木条/牙签、金属勺、玻璃弹珠或石头、茶蜡、金属托盘、水盆、夹子。
词卡:burn, not burn, fuel, heat, air。
逐句脚本

  • 0:00 安全:水和湿布在旁。“Only parents use fire.”
  • 2:00 导入四类物:纸、木、金属、玻璃。“Will it burn? Predict!”
  • 3:30 讲火三角:fuel + air + heat = fire。指卡读。
  • 6:00 测试纸(家长):靠近火,点燃即吹灭。孩子:“Paper can burn.”
  • 8:00 测试木:同上。孩子:“Wood can burn.”
  • 10:00 测试金属/玻璃:靠近不燃。孩子:“Metal does not burn.”
  • 12:00 总结句型:“Fire needs fuel and air and heat.” 缺一不可。
  • 14:00 分类游戏:物品放到“burn / not burn”两张纸。
  • 16:00 画火三角:三边写 fuel / air / heat,孩子涂色。
  • 20:00 迷你报告: “Today I saw paper burn. Fire needs fuel, air, heat.”

第4节:风的作用(助燃 vs 吹灭;易拉罐火灯概念)
目标:风带来氧气也带走热;小风助燃,大风灭火。
材料:茶蜡、纸扇/卡纸、吸管、金属托盘、水盆;易拉罐带孔仅作示意(不安全可只讲)。
词卡:wind, blow, stronger, out, cool。
逐句脚本

  • 0:00 安全:防蜡油飞溅;确保周围清空。
  • 2:00 导入:点蜡烛。“What happens if we blow?”
  • 3:00 小风(轻吹/扇1下):观察更旺。“Small wind makes it stronger. More air.”
  • 5:00 大风(连续扇/大口吹):火熄。“Big wind blows it out. It takes heat away.”
  • 7:00 对比用词:stronger / weaker / out。引导孩子轮流说。
  • 9:00 讲易拉罐火灯概念:有孔→进风→更稳;堵孔→氧气少→易熄。(可用图,不必实操)
  • 12:00 距离与力度体验:手作“风”扇蜡烛,感受远/近差异。
  • 15:00 迷你报告: “Small wind helps. Big wind blows out.”
  • 18:00 词卡复读:wind, blow, stronger, out, cool。

第5节:灭火方法(对应火三角)
目标:围绕火三角,学三类灭火:遮盖隔空气、降温、移走可燃物。
材料:茶蜡、透明杯/金属盖、少量水、夹子、火三角海报、金属托盘、水盆。
词卡:cover, water/cool, move away, safe。
逐句脚本

  • 0:00 安全重申:“Water and wet cloth ready. Only parents handle fire.”
  • 2:00 回顾火三角卡:fuel / air / heat。
  • 4:00 方法1遮盖:点蜡→盖杯。“Cover to block air. It goes out.”
  • 6:00 方法2降温:熄灭后少量水滴到烛芯或旁边(确认冷)。 “Water makes it cool.”
  • 8:00 方法3移走燃料:用夹子移开纸/木。“Move fuel away.”
  • 10:00 口诀:Block air / Cool down / Remove fuel。
  • 12:00 情境练习(无真火):展示卡片情景,孩子选方法。强调:油锅火=盖上,不泼水。
  • 15:00 迷你报告: “To stop fire: cover, cool, move fuel.”
  • 18:00 词卡复读:cover, cool, move away, safe。
  • 20:00 画图:火三角旁贴三张“灭火方法”卡。

家长快速自检清单

  • 水盆/湿布在手边;桌面清空易燃物;通风但无强风。
  • 孩子不持火、不点火;仅观察、吹、描述。
  • 易拉罐火灯如无把握,只用图讲概念,不实操。
  • 憋气游戏不超2秒,孩子如不适立即停止。

迷你报告模板(打印小条)

  • “Today I saw . When I , it __.”
  • “Fire needs __ (fuel / air / heat).”
  • “To stop fire: cover, cool, move fuel.”

使用方式

  • 课堂前打印词卡和脚本小条;按节次放在文件夹。
  • 上课时将当节词卡摆桌上,操作每步都让孩子用卡读一句。
  • 课后将画作与词卡贴墙,下一节开头先复读再拓展。